Ngokwemveli, abantu bahlala besebenzisa i-bakelite, umbane, inayiloni, iplastiki, irabha, i-ceramic kunye nezinye izinto zokugquma njengezixhobo zombane ze-matrix ngokudibeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bakelite yombane.Sisidibanisi sombane esiyimfuneko phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nonikezelo lwamandla, okanye iswitshi evula kwaye ivale isekethe.izixhobo Bakelite ikakhulu ziquka isiphatho isibane, ibhokisi ucingo, switsha, iplagi, socket njalo njalo.Imveliso yolu hlobo lweBakelite pan izibambo inkulu, ukusetyenziswa koluhlu olubanzi, yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsapho yezixhobo zombane zendlu.
Imvelaphi yezinto ze-bakelite
Iimfihlo zeminye imithi zihlala zenza i-resins, kodwa i-amber yi-fossil ye-resins, kwaye i-shellac, nangona ikwajongwa njenge-resin, idiphozithi efihliweyo zizinambuzane ze-shellac emithini.Ipeyinti ye-Shellac, eyenziwe kwi-shellac, ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa kuphela njengento yokugcina imithi, kodwa ngokusungulwa kweenjini zombane zaba yipeyinti yokuqala yokukhusela esetyenzisiweyo.Noko ke, kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukufakelwa kombane kwakungasahlangatyezwana nemveliso yendalo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kukhangelwe ezinye iindlela ezintsha nezingabizi mali ininzi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-chemist yaseJamani u-A. Bayer waqala wafumanisa ukuba i-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde inokukhawuleza yenza iqhuma elibomvu elibomvu okanye i-gunk xa ishushu phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic, kodwa uvavanyo lwayekwa ngenxa yokuba alunakucocwa ngeendlela zakudala.
Kwinkulungwane yama-20,e-Baekelandkunye nabancedisi bakhe nabo baqhuba uphando, ekuqaleni benethemba lokwenza ipeyinti yokugquma endaweni yee-resin zendalo.Emva kweminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi onzima, ekugqibeleni ehlotyeni ka-1907, abazange benze kuphela ipeyinti yokukhusela, kodwa benza iplastiki yokwenziwa yokwenene, iBakelite.Yaziwa ngokuba bakelite.
Ngenye imini kolu lulandelayo, usokhemisti waseJamani uBeyer, esenza imifuniselo nge-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde kwiflaski, wafumanisa ukuba kukho into encangathi yenziwe ngaphakathi.
Emva kovavanyo lweminyaka, kwafumaniseka ukuba into ebikade "ikruqula" ngoku "yayolisa".I-Phenolic ayifuni amanzi, ubushushu abuyi-deformation, bunamandla athile omatshini.Kulula ukusetyenzwa, kodwa ikwane-insulation elungileyo, esandula ukuvela kwishishini lombane, Yeyiphi into eqanjiweyo enkulu.Ngoko ke, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso iziqhoboshi zombane, utshintsho ukukhanya, izibane izibane, umnxeba kunye nezinye izinto zombane, apho wafumana igama bakelite.Nangona kunjalo, sifuna ukwazisa ukuba isetyenziswa kwishishini lokupheka, siyenza njeiziphatho zepani,iziphatho zembiza.Sineentlobo ngeentlobo zeziphatho zokupheka ezenziwe ngeBakelite.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2023
