Ngokwesiko, abantu badla ngokusebenzisa i-bakelite, umbane, i-nylon, iplastiki, irabha, i-ceramic kunye nezinye izinto zokukhusela njengezixhobo zombane ze-matrix ezibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zombane ze-bakelite. Sisixhumi sombane esibalulekileyo phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nombane, okanye iswitshi evula kwaye ivale isekethe. Izixhobo ze-Bakelite ziquka ikakhulu isibambi sesibane, ibhokisi yocingo, iswitshi, iplagi, isokhethi njalo njalo. Ukuveliswa kolu hlobo lweIzibambo zepani zeBakelite inkulu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuluhlu olubanzi, yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kusapho lwezixhobo zombane zasekhaya.
Imvelaphi yezinto ze-bakelite
Ukukhupha kweminye imithi kudla ngokwenza iiresini, kodwa i-amber yifosili yeeresini, kwaye i-shellac, nangona ikwathathwa njengeeresini, yinkunkuma ekhutshwa zizinambuzane ze-shellac emithini. Ipeyinti ye-Shellac, eyenziwe nge-shellac, ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa kuphela njengesigcini somthi, kodwa ngokusungulwa kweemoto zombane yaba yipeyinti yokuqala yokukhusela esetyenziswayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukufakelwa kombane kwakungasafumaneki ngeemveliso zendalo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kufunwe ezinye iindlela ezintsha nezingabizi kakhulu.
Kwinkulungwane ye-19, isazi semichiza saseJamani u-A. Bayer saqala ukufumanisa ukuba i-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde zinokwenza ngokukhawuleza iqhuma elibomvu okanye i-gunk xa zishushu phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, kodwa olu vavanyo lwayekiswa kuba zazingenakucocwa ngeendlela zakudala.
Kwinkulungwane yama-20,IBaekelandkunye nabancedisi bakhe nabo benze olu phando, ekuqaleni benethemba lokwenza ipeyinti yokukhusela endaweni yeeresini zendalo. Emva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza nzima, ekugqibeleni ehlotyeni lowama-1907, abazange benze nje kuphela ipeyinti yokukhusela, kodwa benze neplastiki yokwenyani eyenziweyo, iBakelite. Yaziwa ngokuba yibakelite.
Ngolunye usuku olulandelayo, isazi semichiza saseJamani uBeyer, esenza uvavanyo nge-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde kwiflaski, wafumanisa ukuba kukho into enamathelayo ngaphakathi.
Emva kweminyaka emininzi yovavanyo, kwavela ukuba into eyayikade "icaphukisa" ngoku "iyathandeka kakhulu". I-Phenolic ayingeni manzi, ubushushu abuguquguquki, inamandla athile oomatshini. Kulula ukuyicubungula, kodwa ikwanayo ne-insulation elungileyo, esanda kuvela kushishino lombane. Hayi indlela enkulu ngayo le nto. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeebhuleki zombane, iiswitshi zokukhanyisa, izibambi zezibane, ifowuni kunye nezinye izinto zombane, apho yafumana igama elithi bakelite. Nangona kunjalo, sifuna ukwazisa ukuba isetyenziswa kushishino lwezitya zokupheka, okwenza ukuba ibe njengeizibambo zepani,izibambo zeembizaSineentlobo ngeentlobo zeziphatho zokupheka ezenziwe ngeBakelite.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-15-2023
